{"schemaVersion":1,"registryId":"BRCPR-0B231937F42370F1","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T08:01:04.570Z","organization":{"name":{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons"},"url":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/"},"counts":{"total":58,"articles":26,"researchRecords":6,"researchPackets":26},"policy":{"registryMembershipIsEvidencePromotion":false,"researchPacketIsPeerReview":false,"discoveryMetadataIsEndorsement":false,"readerEditionReplacesSourceResearch":false,"stableIdentifiersAndVersionHashesRequired":true},"discovery":{"llms":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/llms.txt","llmsFull":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/llms-full.txt","searchIndex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/search-index.json","researchGraph":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/research-graph.jsonld","oaiPmh":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/oai","rss":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/feed.xml","sitemap":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/sitemap.xml","researchSitemap":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/sitemap-research.xml"},"objects":[{"identifier":"BRC-2026-W501","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"검사보다 먼저 존재하는 통증","en":"Pain That Exists Before the Test"},"description":{"ko":"이 글은 미국류마티스학회 섬유근육통 기준의 1990년, 2010년, 2016년 판본과 정량감각검사, 개정 섬유근육통 영향 설문 연구를 비교한다. 1990년 기준은 광범위 통증과 18개 중 11개 이상의 압통점을 결합했고, 2010년은 이를 통증 부위 수와 증상 심각도의 조합으로 바꾸었으며, 2016년은 다섯 구역 중 네 구역의 전신 통증 조건을 더했다. 이 계보는 확정적 바이오마커 없이도 미리 정한 임상 양상을 양성적으로 판단할 수 있음을 보여 준다. 그러나 기준 충족은 병태생리 기전, 다른 질환의 부재, 환자의 전체 상태를 확정하지 않는다. 정량감각검사는 유발 자극 반응을, FIQR은 지난 7일의 기능·전반적 영향·증상을 기록하지만 어느 도구도 단독으로 원인이나 개인 진단을 확정하지 않는다.","en":"This article compares the 1990, 2010, and 2016 American College of Rheumatology fibromyalgia criteria with studies of quantitative sensory testing and the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire. The 1990 criteria combined widespread pain with tenderness at 11 or more of 18 sites; the 2010 criteria replaced that requirement with a combination of painful-site count and symptom severity; and the 2016 revision added generalized pain in four of five regions. This genealogy shows how a prespecified clinical pattern can support a positive judgment without a definitive biomarker. Meeting the criteria, however, does not establish pathophysiologic mechanism, the absence of other conditions, or the patient's whole condition. Quantitative sensory testing records responses to evoked stimuli, while the FIQR records function, overall impact, and symptoms over the previous seven days; neither tool alone determines cause or establishes an individual's diagnosis."},"status":"working-paper","datePublished":"2026-09-11","dateModified":"2026-09-11","authors":[{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/pain-that-exists-before-the-test","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/pain-that-exists-before-the-test"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/pain-that-exists-before-the-test","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/pain-that-exists-before-the-test","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/pain-that-exists-before-the-test/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/pain-that-exists-before-the-test/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/pain-that-exists-before-the-test/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/pain-that-exists-before-the-test/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/pain-that-exists-before-the-test/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/pain-that-exists-before-the-test/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":false,"sourceWorkIds":[]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-W502","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"섬유근육통의 근거 지형","en":"The Evidence Landscape of Fibromyalgia"},"description":{"ko":"이 글은 2010년과 2016년 섬유근육통 기준, 불면증이 동반된 섬유근육통 성인의 수면 측정 연구, FIQR 검증 연구, QST 범위 문헌고찰을 비교한다. 근거는 광범위 통증과 수면·피로·인지 증상 부담이 반복해서 함께 평가되고, 기능과 유발 자극 반응이 별도의 측정층을 이룬다는 점을 보여 준다. 그러나 수면 측정법은 서로 다른 값을 낼 수 있고, FIQR의 수렴은 설문 간 집단 수준 결과이며, QST 문헌은 프로토콜 이질성이 크다. 따라서 현재 자료는 영역 간 인과 순서, 단일 기전, 개인 진단 바이오마커를 확정하지 않는다. 다음 연구에는 같은 참여자의 증상, 수면, 활동·기능, 감각 반응을 연결된 시간축에서 반복 측정하는 설계가 필요하다.","en":"This article compares the 2010 and 2016 fibromyalgia criteria, a sleep-measurement study in adults with comorbid fibromyalgia and insomnia, an FIQR validation study, and a scoping review of QST. The evidence shows that widespread pain and the burden of sleep, fatigue, and cognitive symptoms are repeatedly assessed together, while function and responses to evoked stimuli form separate measurement layers. Sleep methods can produce different estimates, however; FIQR convergence is a group-level result between questionnaires; and QST protocols are highly heterogeneous. The current evidence therefore does not establish causal order among domains, a single mechanism, or an individual diagnostic biomarker. The next study needs to measure symptoms, sleep, activity and function, and sensory responses repeatedly in the same participants along a connected timeline."},"status":"working-paper","datePublished":"2026-09-11","dateModified":"2026-09-11","authors":[{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/evidence-landscape-of-fibromyalgia","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/evidence-landscape-of-fibromyalgia"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/evidence-landscape-of-fibromyalgia","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/evidence-landscape-of-fibromyalgia","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/evidence-landscape-of-fibromyalgia/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/evidence-landscape-of-fibromyalgia/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/evidence-landscape-of-fibromyalgia/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/evidence-landscape-of-fibromyalgia/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/evidence-landscape-of-fibromyalgia/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/evidence-landscape-of-fibromyalgia/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":false,"sourceWorkIds":[]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-W503","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"통증을 어떻게 재는가","en":"How Is Pain Measured?"},"description":{"ko":"이 글은 광범위 통증 지수(WPI), 증상 심각도 척도(SSS), 압통 역치(PPT), 정량감각검사(QST), 개정 섬유근육통 영향 설문(FIQR)이 각각 무엇을 측정하는지 비교한다. WPI와 SSS는 지난 한 주의 통증 분포와 동반 증상 부담을 조합하고, PPT와 QST는 정해진 자극 조건에서 나타난 반응을 기록하며, FIQR은 지난 7일의 기능·전반적 영향·증상을 묻는다. 도구마다 구성개념, 시간 창, 검사 부위, 프로토콜, 판정 규칙이 다르므로 같은 사람이 서로 다르게 분류될 수 있다. 이러한 불일치는 어느 한 값이 거짓임을 뜻하지 않으며, 어떤 도구도 단독으로 통증의 원인, 증상의 진위, 단일 기전 또는 개인 진단을 확정하지 않는다. 서로 다른 측정층을 보존한 채 함께 읽고, 같은 사람에게 반복 적용하는 연구가 필요하다.","en":"This article compares what the Widespread Pain Index (WPI), Symptom Severity Scale (SSS), pressure pain threshold (PPT), quantitative sensory testing (QST), and Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR) measure. WPI and SSS combine pain distribution over the previous week with the burden of accompanying symptoms; PPT and QST record responses under specified stimulus conditions; and FIQR asks about function, overall impact, and symptoms over the previous seven days. Because the constructs, time windows, test sites, protocols, and decision rules differ, the same person can be classified differently across tools. Such disagreement does not make one value false, and no tool by itself establishes the cause of pain, the validity of symptoms, a single mechanism, or an individual's diagnosis. The different measurement layers should be read together without being collapsed, and future studies need to apply them repeatedly to the same people."},"status":"working-paper","datePublished":"2026-09-11","dateModified":"2026-09-11","authors":[{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/how-is-pain-measured","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/how-is-pain-measured"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/how-is-pain-measured","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/how-is-pain-measured","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/how-is-pain-measured/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/how-is-pain-measured/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/how-is-pain-measured/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/how-is-pain-measured/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/how-is-pain-measured/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/how-is-pain-measured/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":false,"sourceWorkIds":[]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-W504","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"믿어 달라는 말 이전의 하루","en":"A Day Before Asking to Be Believed"},"description":{"ko":"이 글은 섬유근육통 기준, 수면일지·활동기록계·수면다원검사 비교, FIQR, QST가 서로 다른 시간 창과 조건에서 무엇을 기록하는지 살핀다. 기준은 지난 한 주의 통증 분포와 증상 부담을, FIQR은 지난 7일의 기능·전반적 영향·증상을, 수면 방법은 한밤 또는 2주의 수면을, QST는 검사 시점의 유발 반응을 기록한다. 이 근거는 통증, 피로, 수면 붕괴, 인지 어려움과 활동 뒤 악화가 한 사람의 하루에서 어떤 순서로 나타나는지 확정하지 않는다. 측정값의 불일치나 한 번의 정상 범위 검사도 관찰하지 않은 관계가 없다는 증거가 아니다. 실제 시간 경로를 연구하려면 같은 사람의 수면, 시간표시 증상, 활동, 기능과 회복을 반복해서 연결해야 한다.","en":"This article examines what fibromyalgia criteria, comparisons of sleep diaries, actigraphy, and polysomnography, FIQR, and QST record under different time windows and conditions. The criteria summarize pain distribution and symptom burden over the previous week; FIQR covers function, overall impact, and symptoms over seven days; the sleep methods observe one night or two weeks; and QST records evoked responses at a test encounter. This evidence does not establish the order in which pain, fatigue, disrupted sleep, cognitive difficulties, and worsening after activity unfold within one person's day. Disagreement among measurements or a single result within a normal range is not evidence that an unobserved relationship is absent. Studying actual temporal paths requires repeated, linked observations of sleep, time-stamped symptoms, activity, function, and recovery in the same people."},"status":"working-paper","datePublished":"2026-09-11","dateModified":"2026-09-11","authors":[{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/day-before-asking-to-be-believed","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/day-before-asking-to-be-believed"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/day-before-asking-to-be-believed","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/day-before-asking-to-be-believed","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/day-before-asking-to-be-believed/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/day-before-asking-to-be-believed/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/day-before-asking-to-be-believed/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/day-before-asking-to-be-believed/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/day-before-asking-to-be-believed/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/day-before-asking-to-be-believed/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":false,"sourceWorkIds":[]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-W505","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"바이오마커가 없다는 말이 뜻하지 않는 것","en":"What the Absence of a Biomarker Does Not Mean"},"description":{"ko":"이 글은 확정적 바이오마커의 부재와 임상 판단 근거의 부재를 구분한다. 2010년과 2016년 섬유근육통 기준은 통증 분포, 증상 부담, 지속 기간의 양상을 구조화하지만 유일한 원인이나 환자의 상태 전체를 확정하지 않는다. 초기 개인 진단에는 전면적 의학 평가가 필요하고 다른 진단과 동반 질환을 고려해야 하며, 증상이 짧게 지속됐거나 변하거나 불명확하면 결론을 미룰 수 있다. 현재 근거는 구체적인 안전 신호, 보편적 감별 목록, 검사 패널 또는 치료 규칙을 제공하지 않는다. 특정 검사 음성이나 QST 결과도 검사 대상을 넘어 통증의 부재, 개인 진단의 확정 또는 돌봄의 불필요를 증명하지 않는다.","en":"This article distinguishes the absence of a definitive biomarker from the absence of a basis for clinical judgment. The 2010 and 2016 fibromyalgia criteria structure patterns of pain distribution, symptom burden, and duration, but they do not establish a sole cause or define the entirety of a patient's condition. An individual's initial diagnosis requires a full medical evaluation that considers other and coexisting diagnoses, and a conclusion may be deferred when symptoms have been brief, are changing, or remain unclear. The current evidence does not provide a list of specific safety signals, a universal differential, a test panel, or a treatment rule. Nor can a particular negative test or QST result establish, beyond the target of the test, that pain is absent, an individual diagnosis is settled, or care is unnecessary."},"status":"working-paper","datePublished":"2026-09-11","dateModified":"2026-09-11","authors":[{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/what-the-absence-of-a-biomarker-does-not-mean","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/what-the-absence-of-a-biomarker-does-not-mean"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/what-the-absence-of-a-biomarker-does-not-mean","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/what-the-absence-of-a-biomarker-does-not-mean","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/what-the-absence-of-a-biomarker-does-not-mean/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/what-the-absence-of-a-biomarker-does-not-mean/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/what-the-absence-of-a-biomarker-does-not-mean/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/what-the-absence-of-a-biomarker-does-not-mean/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/what-the-absence-of-a-biomarker-does-not-mean/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/what-the-absence-of-a-biomarker-does-not-mean/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":false,"sourceWorkIds":[]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-W506","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"중추감작은 설명인가 결론인가","en":"Is Central Sensitization an Explanation or a Conclusion?"},"description":{"ko":"이 글은 섬유근육통의 감각 증폭 연구에서 관찰, 설명, 결론을 구분한다. 여러 유발통증 지표는 감각 촉진과 조절의 관여를 연구할 수 있게 하지만 서로 바꿔 쓸 수 있는 하나의 검사가 아니다. 34편을 다룬 문헌고찰의 질 평가, 2,512건 중 126편을 포함한 범위 문헌고찰의 프로토콜·부위 이질성, 22명이 참여한 자가보고와 QST 비교의 불일치는 기전과 개인 판정에 상한선을 둔다. 현재 근거는 중추감작을 유일하거나 배타적인 원인, 개인 진단 기준, 통증 진위 판정, 안정된 시간적 표지로 확정하지 않는다. 표준화한 여러 지표와 증상·기능을 같은 사람에게 반복 측정하는 종단 설계가 인과 방향과 하위집단을 가르는 데 필요하다.","en":"This article distinguishes observation, explanation, and conclusion in research on sensory amplification in fibromyalgia. Multiple evoked-pain measures can be used to study the involvement of sensory facilitation and modulation, but they are not a single interchangeable test. The quality assessment in a 34-study review, protocol and site heterogeneity in a scoping review that included 126 of 2,512 records, and discordance between self-report and QST in a 22-participant comparison all limit mechanistic and individual-level conclusions. The current evidence does not establish central sensitization as a sole or exclusively central cause, an individual diagnostic criterion, a pain-validity test, or a stable temporal marker. Longitudinal designs that repeatedly measure standardized sensory responses alongside symptoms and function in the same people are needed to distinguish causal direction and subgroups."},"status":"working-paper","datePublished":"2026-09-11","dateModified":"2026-09-11","authors":[{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/is-central-sensitization-an-explanation-or-a-conclusion","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/is-central-sensitization-an-explanation-or-a-conclusion"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/is-central-sensitization-an-explanation-or-a-conclusion","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/is-central-sensitization-an-explanation-or-a-conclusion","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/is-central-sensitization-an-explanation-or-a-conclusion/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/is-central-sensitization-an-explanation-or-a-conclusion/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/is-central-sensitization-an-explanation-or-a-conclusion/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/is-central-sensitization-an-explanation-or-a-conclusion/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/is-central-sensitization-an-explanation-or-a-conclusion/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/is-central-sensitization-an-explanation-or-a-conclusion/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":false,"sourceWorkIds":[]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-W507","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"통증, 감작, 피로, 기능 손상","en":"Pain, Sensitization, Fatigue, and Functional Impairment"},"description":{"ko":"이 글은 섬유근육통 논의에서 통증, 피로, 감작, 기능 손상, 활동 후 악화가 가리키는 관찰을 구분한다. 2016년 기준은 지난 일주일의 통증 부위·공간적 분포와 피로를 구조화하고, FIQR은 지난 7일의 활동 어려움·전체 영향과 증상 문항을 구분한다. QST는 통제된 자극에 대한 프로토콜 의존적 심리물리학적 반응을 관찰하며, 유일한 기전·개인 진단·통증 진위 검사가 아니다. 현재 근거는 활동과 증상을 같은 시간축에서 연결하지 않으므로 활동 후 악화의 시작, 변화 폭, 지속시간, 회복, 인과 방향, 보편성을 확정하지 않는다. 함께 기록된 관찰은 서로 연관될 수 있지만 동일하거나 인과적으로 정렬된 것은 아니다.","en":"This article distinguishes the observations denoted by pain, fatigue, sensitization, functional impairment, and post-activity worsening in discussions of fibromyalgia. The 2016 criteria structure painful sites, spatial distribution, and fatigue over the previous week, while the FIQR distinguishes difficulty with activities and overall impact over the past seven days from its symptom items. QST observes protocol-dependent psychophysical responses to controlled stimuli; it is not a sole mechanism, an individual diagnosis, or a test of whether pain is genuine. Because the current evidence does not align activity and symptoms on one time axis, it does not establish the onset, magnitude, duration, recovery, causal direction, or universality of post-activity worsening. Observations recorded together may be related, but they are neither identical nor causally ordered by that fact."},"status":"working-paper","datePublished":"2026-09-11","dateModified":"2026-09-11","authors":[{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/pain-sensitization-fatigue-functional-impairment","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/pain-sensitization-fatigue-functional-impairment"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/pain-sensitization-fatigue-functional-impairment","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/pain-sensitization-fatigue-functional-impairment","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/pain-sensitization-fatigue-functional-impairment/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/pain-sensitization-fatigue-functional-impairment/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/pain-sensitization-fatigue-functional-impairment/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/pain-sensitization-fatigue-functional-impairment/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/pain-sensitization-fatigue-functional-impairment/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/pain-sensitization-fatigue-functional-impairment/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":false,"sourceWorkIds":[]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-W508","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"증상과 기능을 함께 추적하는 다음 연구","en":"The Next Study That Tracks Symptoms and Function Together"},"description":{"ko":"이 글은 섬유근육통 연구에서 증상 일기, 수면, 활동량, FIQR 기능, 정량감각검사(QST), 치료 맥락을 개인별 공통 시계에 맞추되 서로 다른 측정으로 보존하는 종단 연구 설계를 제안한다. 짧은 타당성 단계 뒤 빈도·시간창·유효일·재검 간격·주결과를 사전 지정하고, 개인 안 변화와 개인 사이 차이를 분리하며, 반대 방향과 측정 부담·결측을 포함한 경쟁 설명을 비교한다. 임상 안전 신호, 참여자 부담, 측정 및 연구 중단 규칙을 별도로 둔다. 이는 검증된 최적 프로토콜이나 인과·치료 효과의 결과가 아니며, 활동량은 기능이 아니고 활동기록은 수면 경험이 아니며 QST는 유일한 기전·개인 진단·통증 진위 검사가 아니다.","en":"This article proposes a longitudinal fibromyalgia study that aligns symptom diaries, sleep, activity, FIQR function, quantitative sensory testing (QST), and treatment context on a shared person-level clock while preserving them as distinct measures. After a brief feasibility phase, frequency, windows, valid-day rules, retest intervals, and primary outcomes would be prespecified; within-person change would be separated from between-person differences; and rival explanations, including reverse direction, burden, and missingness, would be compared. Clinical safety signals, participant burden, and measurement- and study-level stopping rules remain separate. This is neither a validated optimal protocol nor a finding of causality or treatment effect: activity is not function, actigraphy is not sleep experience, and QST is not a sole mechanism, individual diagnosis, or pain-validity test."},"status":"working-paper","datePublished":"2026-09-11","dateModified":"2026-09-11","authors":[{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/longitudinal-fibromyalgia-symptoms-function-study","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/longitudinal-fibromyalgia-symptoms-function-study"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/longitudinal-fibromyalgia-symptoms-function-study","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/longitudinal-fibromyalgia-symptoms-function-study","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/longitudinal-fibromyalgia-symptoms-function-study/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/longitudinal-fibromyalgia-symptoms-function-study/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/longitudinal-fibromyalgia-symptoms-function-study/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/longitudinal-fibromyalgia-symptoms-function-study/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/longitudinal-fibromyalgia-symptoms-function-study/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/longitudinal-fibromyalgia-symptoms-function-study/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":false,"sourceWorkIds":[]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-W301","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"기능성소화불량과 고전의 적(積): 겹치는 불편, 다른 기준","en":"Functional Dyspepsia and Accumulation (積) in Classical Texts: Overlapping Discomfort, Different Criteria"},"description":{"ko":"기능성소화불량과 고전 문헌의 적(積)은 명치 불편, 메스꺼움, 트림, 충만감처럼 겹쳐 보이는 표현을 지닌다. 그러나 로마 IV는 네 가지 핵심 증상, 빈도와 기간, 구조적 질환 배제 조건으로 진단 범위를 정하는 반면, 《금궤구현》·《잡병광요》·《동의보감》의 선택 구절은 맥, 촉진에서 확인되는 형체와 움직임, 위치, 설사와 배변 뒤 변화 등을 함께 기록한다. 증상어의 접점만으로 두 체계의 진단·기전·원인이 같다고 볼 수 없는 이유다. 현재 자료에는 로마 IV와 현대 담적 기준을 같은 사람에게 적용한 비교가 없고, 고전 자료도 정확한 판본·영인본·문자 이본·번역 대조가 충분하지 않다. 이 글은 그 한계를 밝힌 뒤, 같은 참여자와 같은 시점에 두 관찰을 독립적으로 기록하는 후속 연구의 조건을 제안한다. 다른 진단 언어는 구조적 질환을 배제하는 임상 평가를 대신할 수 없다.","en":"Functional dyspepsia and accumulation (積) in classical medical texts share expressions such as epigastric discomfort, nausea, belching, and fullness. Rome IV, however, defines its diagnostic scope through four core symptoms, frequency and duration thresholds, and exclusion of structural disease, whereas selected passages in Jingui Gouxuan, Zabing Guangyao, and Donguibogam also record pulse findings, palpable form and movement, location, diarrhea, and changes after defecation. Shared symptom terms therefore do not establish diagnostic, mechanistic, or causal equivalence. No material reviewed here applies Rome IV and contemporary damjeok criteria to the same people, and the classical sources lack adequate edition, facsimile, character-variant, and translation controls. The article sets out these limits and proposes conditions for a future study that records the two sets of observations independently in the same participants at the same time. Another diagnostic vocabulary cannot replace clinical evaluation for structural disease."},"status":"working-paper","datePublished":"2026-08-29","dateModified":"2026-08-30","authors":[{"ko":"최연승","en":"Yeonseung Choe"},{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/functional-dyspepsia-classical-accumulation-different-criteria","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/functional-dyspepsia-classical-accumulation-different-criteria"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/functional-dyspepsia-classical-accumulation-different-criteria","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/functional-dyspepsia-classical-accumulation-different-criteria","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/functional-dyspepsia-classical-accumulation-different-criteria/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/functional-dyspepsia-classical-accumulation-different-criteria/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/functional-dyspepsia-classical-accumulation-different-criteria/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/functional-dyspepsia-classical-accumulation-different-criteria/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/functional-dyspepsia-classical-accumulation-different-criteria/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/functional-dyspepsia-classical-accumulation-different-criteria/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":true,"sourceWorkIds":["BRC-CL-2026-005-obj-01"]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-W302","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"전자 문헌에서 고른 痰積·積聚·食積 일곱 용례","en":"Seven Selected Occurrences of 痰積, 積聚, and 食積 in Electronic Texts"},"description":{"ko":"이 문헌 주석은 글자 형태를 정리한 전자 기록에서 문장과 앞뒤 문맥을 확인해 고른 痰積·積聚·食積 일곱 용례를 읽는다. 《금궤구현》의 두 곳은 설사·옛 처치와 두현·맥 관찰에, 《잡병광요》의 두 곳은 누를 때 드러나는 모양·움직임·위치에, 《동의보감》의 세 곳은 가슴과 장위의 위치 표현·여러 병증·傷寒과 비슷한 열과 두통의 문맥에 놓인다. 일곱 곳에서 세 용어는 한 가지 고정된 설명 형식으로 나타나지 않는다. 다만 목적에 맞게 고른 예이므로 어느 책이나 시대 전체의 분포·대표성·계보를 말할 수 없고, 행 번호도 판본의 쪽이나 엽이 아니다. 정확한 판본·영인본·문자 이본·번역 대조가 갖춰지지 않아 인용과 풀이는 잠정적이며, 옛 처치 언어는 현재의 권고나 효과 근거가 아니다.","en":"This source note examines seven occurrences of 痰積, 積聚, and 食積 selected after checking sentences and their surrounding contexts in character-normalized electronic records. Two locations in Jingui Gouxuan concern diarrhea and historical treatment, and dizziness and pulse observation; two in Zabing Guangyao concern palpable form, movement, and location; and three in Donguibogam concern chest and intestinal locations, lists of illness presentations, and fever and headache resembling cold damage (傷寒). The terms do not follow one fixed explanatory pattern across these seven locations. Because the examples were purposively selected, they cannot establish distribution, representativeness, or genealogy across a book or period, and electronic line numbers are not edition page or folio locators. The quotations and renderings remain provisional without adequate edition, facsimile, character-variant, and translation controls; historical treatment language is not current guidance or evidence of efficacy."},"status":"working-paper","datePublished":"2026-08-29","dateModified":"2026-08-30","authors":[{"ko":"최연승","en":"Yeonseung Choe"},{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/seven-selected-historical-term-occurrences-electronic-texts","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/seven-selected-historical-term-occurrences-electronic-texts"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/seven-selected-historical-term-occurrences-electronic-texts","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/seven-selected-historical-term-occurrences-electronic-texts","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/seven-selected-historical-term-occurrences-electronic-texts/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/seven-selected-historical-term-occurrences-electronic-texts/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/seven-selected-historical-term-occurrences-electronic-texts/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/seven-selected-historical-term-occurrences-electronic-texts/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/seven-selected-historical-term-occurrences-electronic-texts/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/seven-selected-historical-term-occurrences-electronic-texts/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":true,"sourceWorkIds":["BRC-CL-2026-005-obj-02"]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-W201","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"한 사람의 시간축으로 다시 읽는 손발 냉감","en":"Re-reading Cold Hands and Feet on One Person’s Timeline"},"description":{"ko":"손발이 차갑다는 말은 느낀 추위, 부위가 일치하는 피부 표면 온도, 이름이 명시된 국소 혈류 또는 관류 측정, 재가온 경로를 가리킬 수 있지만, 이 네 관찰은 서로 대신할 수 없다. 한랭민감성 손으로 선별된 12명의 유발 침수 사례군에서는 표재성 손등 관류의 집단 중앙값이 52.5에서 51.3 관류단위로 거의 변하지 않았으나, 참여자별 값은 6명에서 증가하고 6명에서 감소했다. 다른 통제 연구에서는 비슷한 측정 온도에서 냉감 평정이 달랐다. 별도의 발 침수 시험에서는 손상군이 두 대조군과 감각 및 5분·10분의 가장 차가운 발가락 온도에서 차이를 보였지만, 엄지발가락 온도에는 차이가 없었고 발가락 평균은 통상적 통계 유의성 기준에 이르지 않았으며 엄지발가락 피부 혈관 전도도도 비슷했다. 온도와 회복값은 장치·정확한 부위·표본 일정·시간 원점·종료점과 함께 해석해야 했다. 이 결과들은 원인이나 하위유형을 정하지 않으며, 특정 노출, 피부·조직 소견 또는 관련 질환 맥락이 더해지면 비교의 질문 자체가 달라진다. 2026-08-16T16:06:11Z부터 2026-08-16T20:19:50Z까지 사전에 정한 13개 PubMed 검색에서 238개 기록을 살폈고, 인용한 관련 구절은 2026-08-17T03:40:34Z까지 확인했다. 이 경로와 날짜 안에서는 자연 발생 반복 에피소드에서 느낀 추위, 부위 일치 피부 표면 온도, 명시된 국소 혈류 또는 관류 측정, 완전한 재가온 경로를 참여자 수준에서 동기화한 손 자료를 확인하지 못했고, 발에서도 같은 결과가 별도로 나왔다. 이는 검토하지 않은 검색 결과, 다른 데이터베이스, 접근할 수 없었던 자료 또는 이후 출판물에도 그런 자료가 없다는 뜻이 아니다. 다음 단계는 손과 발을 나누고 개인 궤적을 보존하는 전향적 반복 관찰이지만, 실행 가능성과 동기화, 기술적 반복성과 장치·부위 일치, 한국어·영어 감각 표현 평가, 사전 명시한 구성타당도 시험과 외부 반복을 거치기 전에는 검증된 도구가 아니다.","en":"A report of cold hands or feet can refer to felt cold, site-matched skin-surface temperature, an explicitly named local flow or perfusion measure, and the rewarming course, but these four observations are not substitutes for one another. In a provoked immersion series of 12 people selected for cold-sensitive hands, median superficial dorsal-hand perfusion changed little from 52.5 to 51.3 perfusion units, while participant-level values rose in six and fell in six. Other controlled studies found different cold ratings at comparable measured temperatures. In a separate foot-immersion test, the injury group differed from two control groups in sensation and coldest-toe temperature at minutes five and ten, while great-toe temperature did not differ, the mean-toe result did not cross the conventional statistical significance threshold, and great-toe cutaneous vascular conductance was also similar. Temperature and recovery values also had to be interpreted with their device, exact site, sampling schedule, time origin, and endpoint. None of these findings identifies a cause or subtype, and a specific exposure, skin or tissue finding, or relevant disease context changes the question being asked. From 2026-08-16T16:06:11Z to 2026-08-16T20:19:50Z, 238 records were screened across 13 prespecified PubMed searches; passages cited in the synthesis were checked through 2026-08-17T03:40:34Z. Within that route and date range, we found no qualifying hand dataset that synchronized participant-level felt cold, site-matched skin-surface temperature, an explicitly named local flow or perfusion measure, and the complete rewarming course during naturally occurring recurrent episodes; the same bounded result arose separately for feet. This does not establish absence from unreviewed results, other databases, inaccessible material, or later publications. The next step is a prospective repeated-observation study that keeps hands and feet separate and preserves individual trajectories, but it remains unvalidated until feasibility and synchronization, technical repeatability and device-site agreement, Korean and English sensory-wording evaluation, prespecified construct-validity testing, and external replication succeed."},"status":"working-paper","datePublished":"2026-08-21","dateModified":"2026-08-21","authors":[{"ko":"최연승","en":"Yeonseung Choe"},{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/felt-cold-and-measured-cold","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/felt-cold-and-measured-cold"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/felt-cold-and-measured-cold","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/felt-cold-and-measured-cold","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/felt-cold-and-measured-cold/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/felt-cold-and-measured-cold/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/felt-cold-and-measured-cold/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/felt-cold-and-measured-cold/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/felt-cold-and-measured-cold/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/felt-cold-and-measured-cold/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":true,"sourceWorkIds":["BRC-2026-W201","BRC-2026-W202"]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-W202","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"수족 냉감과 재가온을 같은 시간축에서 기록하는 법","en":"Recording distal cold and rewarming on the same timeline"},"description":{"ko":"반복되는 손발 냉감 연구는 분석을 시작하기도 전에 해석 불가능해질 수 있다. 한 번의 증상 에피소드에서 순간 냉감 평정, 이름이 명시된 한 부위의 피부 표면 온도, 이름이 명시된 한 조직 구획의 혈류 또는 관류 결과, 여러 재가온 요약이 생길 수 있다. 이 관찰들은 때로 일치하고 때로 어긋나며, 기준선·시작·노출·첫 측정·회복·임상 경과의 시간 기준은 서로 바꿀 수 없다. 따라서 해결할 문제는 어느 하나를 진실로 고르는 것이 아니라 구성개념, 부위, 구획과 시간 기준을 합치지 않은 채 관계를 관찰하는 법이다.","en":"Research on recurrent cold hands or feet can become uninterpretable before analysis begins. A single episode may generate a momentary cold-sensation rating, a skin-surface temperature at one named site, a flow or perfusion result from one named tissue compartment, and several possible summaries of rewarming. These observations sometimes align and sometimes diverge, while baseline, onset, exposure, first measurement, recovery, and clinical-course clocks are not interchangeable. The unresolved reader problem is therefore not how to choose one measure as the truth, but how to observe their relation without collapsing constructs, sites, compartments, or clocks."},"status":"protocol","datePublished":"2026-08-21","dateModified":"2026-08-21","authors":[{"ko":"최연승","en":"Yeonseung Choe"},{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/recording-distal-cold-and-rewarming","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/recording-distal-cold-and-rewarming"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/recording-distal-cold-and-rewarming","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/recording-distal-cold-and-rewarming","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/recording-distal-cold-and-rewarming/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/recording-distal-cold-and-rewarming/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/recording-distal-cold-and-rewarming/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/recording-distal-cold-and-rewarming/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/recording-distal-cold-and-rewarming/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/recording-distal-cold-and-rewarming/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":false,"sourceWorkIds":[]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-E103","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"온도계가 아무 이상이 없다고 말할 때","en":"When the Thermometer Says Nothing Is Wrong"},"description":{"ko":"몸 한쪽이 불에 덴 듯 뜨겁거나 얼음처럼 차가운데 체온계와 체열영상은 별다른 이상을 보여주지 않을 수 있다. 이때 흔히 감각과 숫자 가운데 하나를 선택하려 한다. 그러나 적외선 카메라는 피부 표면의 한 순간을 재고, 신경계는 온도뿐 아니라 변화 속도·부위·대비·통증·위험을 함께 읽는다. 건강한 사람도 같은 열 변화를 알아차리는 능력이 크게 다르고, 무해한 냉각을 따뜻함으로 느끼거나 미지근한 자극에서 화끈거림을 느낄 수 있다. 신경손상 뒤에는 작은 냉각이 심한 통증이 되기도 한다. 감각은 온도계가 아니지만 바로 그 때문에 거짓도 아니다. 문제는 한 번의 정상 검사가 경험 전체를 부정하는 판결처럼 쓰일 때 생긴다. 직접 연구는 아직 없지만 만성통증과 만성질환 연구는 믿어주지 않음과 자기의심, 증상 은폐와 관계 철회가 고립을 깊게 할 수 있음을 보여준다. 이 글은 두 자료 가운데 승자를 가리는 대신, 증상이 일어난 순간의 위치·시간·온도·감각역치·사회적 반응을 같은 시간축에 놓는 연구를 제안한다.","en":"One side of the body can feel burned or frozen while a thermometer or thermogram shows little unusual. We often try to choose between sensation and number. But an infrared camera samples one moment at the skin surface, whereas the nervous system reads temperature together with rate of change, location, contrast, pain, and threat. Healthy people vary widely in detecting the same thermal change; innocuous cooling can feel warm, and mild temperatures can evoke burning. After nerve injury, small cooling can become severe pain. Sensation is not a thermometer, but that does not make it false. Trouble begins when one normal test becomes a verdict on the whole experience. Direct research is missing, yet studies of chronic pain and illness show how disbelief and self-doubt, concealment, and relational withdrawal can deepen isolation. Rather than choosing a winner between two data streams, this essay proposes placing location, time, temperature, sensory thresholds, and social response on the same event timeline."},"status":"working-paper","datePublished":"2026-08-15","dateModified":"2026-08-15","authors":[{"ko":"최연승","en":"Yeonseung Choe"},{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/when-the-thermometer-says-nothing-is-wrong","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/when-the-thermometer-says-nothing-is-wrong"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/when-the-thermometer-says-nothing-is-wrong","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/when-the-thermometer-says-nothing-is-wrong","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/when-the-thermometer-says-nothing-is-wrong/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/when-the-thermometer-says-nothing-is-wrong/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/when-the-thermometer-says-nothing-is-wrong/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/when-the-thermometer-says-nothing-is-wrong/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/when-the-thermometer-says-nothing-is-wrong/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/when-the-thermometer-says-nothing-is-wrong/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":true,"sourceWorkIds":["BRC-2026-W001","BRC-2026-W106"]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-E102","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"등의 열감 위에 배수혈 지도를 겹쳐도 될까","en":"Can We Overlay the Back-Shu Map on Heat Felt in the Back?"},"description":{"ko":"등이 뜨겁다는 사람의 몸 위에 배수혈 지도를 겹치면 무엇이 보일까. 두 개념은 같은 신체 부위를 공유하고, 고전 의학은 장부와 열을 함께 말한다. 그러나 원문을 찾아보면 『동의보감』의 배열 문장에는 혈자리가 없고, 『영추』의 배수혈 편에는 열감이 없다. 『소문』에서는 열과 오장수혈 주변이 만나지만, 그것은 자발적인 등 열감이 아니라 열병 치료의 맥락이다. 현대 연구도 일부 배수혈의 온도와 조직 차이를 측정했으나 배열을 호소한 사람을 연구하지 않았다. 이 글은 이 어긋남을 실패가 아니라 다음 실험의 설계도로 읽는다. 먼저 사람이 느낀 위치를 기록하고, 증상이 생기는 순간의 체열을 재고, 그 뒤에야 배수혈 지도를 눈가림 상태로 겹쳐 주변 피부 및 반대편과 비교해야 한다. 지금 말할 수 있는 것은 역사적으로 탐색할 만한 연결이 있다는 데까지다. 배수혈이 배열의 원인·진단점·치료점이라는 결론은 아직 실험 앞에 놓여 있다.","en":"What would appear if a Back-Shu map were overlaid on the body of someone who feels heat in the back? The concepts share a region, and classical medicine discusses viscera and heat together. Yet the Donguibogam sentence on back heat contains no acupoint, while the Lingshu chapter on Back-Shu points contains no heat sensation. The Suwen does connect heat with the vicinity of visceral Shu points, but in the treatment architecture of heat illness, not spontaneous back heat. Modern studies have measured temperature and tissue differences at some Back-Shu sites, but have not studied people recruited for back heat. This essay treats the mismatch not as failure but as a blueprint: map the felt location first, measure thermography during an episode, and only then overlay a blinded point grid and compare point centres with adjacent and mirrored skin. A historically plausible connection exists. Whether Back-Shu points cause, diagnose, or treat back heat remains a question before experiment, not a conclusion after it."},"status":"working-paper","datePublished":"2026-08-15","dateModified":"2026-08-15","authors":[{"ko":"최연승","en":"Yeonseung Choe"},{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/do-back-shu-points-map-back-heat","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/do-back-shu-points-map-back-heat"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/do-back-shu-points-map-back-heat","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/do-back-shu-points-map-back-heat","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/do-back-shu-points-map-back-heat/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/do-back-shu-points-map-back-heat/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/do-back-shu-points-map-back-heat/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/do-back-shu-points-map-back-heat/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/do-back-shu-points-map-back-heat/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/do-back-shu-points-map-back-heat/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":true,"sourceWorkIds":["BRC-2026-W105"]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-E101","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"등이 뜨겁다는 말에서 무엇을 측정해야 할까","en":"What Should We Measure When Someone Says Their Back Feels Hot?"},"description":{"ko":"“등이 뜨겁다”는 말은 분명하지만, 그것이 가리키는 연구 대상은 분명하지 않다. 피부 표면의 온도, 자극 없이 생기는 열감, 타는 듯한 통증, 가려움에 섞인 작열감, 온도 자극에 대한 반응은 서로 다른 현상일 수 있다. 우리는 현대 생의학 연구와 한국 학술자료, 동아시아 의서의 관련 표현, 임상 안전 지침을 함께 찾아보았다. 그 결과 하나의 원인을 발견한 것은 아니다. 대신 지금까지 하나의 증상명 안에 여러 관찰이 접혀 있었고, 서로 다른 연구 분야가 그중 한 조각씩만 측정해 왔다는 사실이 드러났다. 이 글은 네 편의 연구 논문이 남긴 근거를 독자가 따라갈 수 있는 하나의 사이언티픽 에세이로 다시 엮는다.","en":"“My back feels hot” is a clear statement, but the object of study is not. Skin-surface temperature, spontaneous warmth, burning pain, itch-associated burning, and responses to imposed thermal stimuli may be different phenomena. We searched modern biomedical research, Korean scholarship, related expressions in East Asian medical texts, and clinical safety guidance. The search did not reveal one cause. It revealed that several observations had been folded into one symptom name while different fields measured only fragments of it. This reader edition reconnects the evidence of four source papers as one scientific essay."},"status":"working-paper","datePublished":"2026-08-15","dateModified":"2026-08-15","authors":[{"ko":"최연승","en":"Yeonseung Choe"},{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/when-the-back-feels-hot-scientific-essay","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/when-the-back-feels-hot-scientific-essay"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/when-the-back-feels-hot-scientific-essay","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/when-the-back-feels-hot-scientific-essay","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/when-the-back-feels-hot-scientific-essay/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/when-the-back-feels-hot-scientific-essay/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/when-the-back-feels-hot-scientific-essay/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/when-the-back-feels-hot-scientific-essay/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/when-the-back-feels-hot-scientific-essay/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/when-the-back-feels-hot-scientific-essay/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":true,"sourceWorkIds":["BRC-2026-W101","BRC-2026-W102","BRC-2026-W103","BRC-2026-W104"]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-W106","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"주관적 냉·열감과 측정 온도의 불일치: 열감각 생리, 측정 타당도, 의료적 무효화와 고립의 비판적 종합","en":"Felt and Measured Temperature: Thermosensation, Invalidation, and Isolation"},"description":{"ko":"“뜨겁다”는 말과 적외선 체열영상의 섭씨값은 같은 대상을 재지 않는다. 카메라는 특정 시각·부위의 피부 표면에서 방출되는 적외선을 온도로 환산하고, 사람의 보고는 피부와 심부의 입력, 온도 변화 속도, 공간적 대비, 통각, 자율신경 상태와 맥락을 통합한 지각이다. 건강인 연구에서도 열 변화 탐지 정확도는 개인차가 컸고, 무해한 냉각이 따뜻하게 느껴지는 역설적 열감이나 온·냉 격자에서 작열통이 생기는 현상이 재현된다. 신경병증성 감각 이상에서는 냉각이 심한 통증으로 바뀔 수 있다. 반대로 생리적 변화가 있어도 자각되지 않을 수 있다. 그러므로 한 번의 정상 체열검사는 당시 표면온도 이상을 발견하지 못했다는 뜻이지, 반복되는 열감의 부재를 증명하지 않는다. 그러나 감각 보고만으로 특정 신경병증이나 자율신경 질환을 진단할 수도 없다. 정량감각검사는 탐지역치와 통증역치를 측정하지만 협조와 표준화에 의존하며, 체열영상도 환경·순응·관심영역·시간에 민감하다. 문헌 검색에서는 이 불일치가 환자의 사회적 고립을 직접 유발하는지 검증한 연구를 찾지 못했다. 다만 만성통증과 의학적으로 설명되지 않은 증상 연구에서는 믿어주지 않음, 설명 없는 정상화, 자기의심과 철회가 고립과 연결됐다. 이 간접 근거를 인과로 과장하지 않고, ① 언어와 경험을 먼저 수집하는 질적 연구, ② 증상 사건 중심의 21일 반복측정, ③ 표준화된 체열·정량감각검사·주관평가의 동시 측정, ④ 의사소통 경험과 고립을 함께 추적하는 연구를 제안한다. 핵심 원칙은 간단하다. 감각은 온도계가 아니며, 온도계도 감각의 거짓말 탐지기가 아니다.","en":"The statement “I feel hot” and a Celsius value from infrared thermography do not measure the same object. A camera estimates surface temperature at a particular site and moment; a report integrates cutaneous and deeper inputs, rate of change, spatial contrast, nociception, autonomic state, and context. Even among healthy participants, accuracy in detecting thermal change varies widely, while innocuous cooling can be experienced as warmth and interlaced warm–cool stimulation can evoke burning pain. In neuropathic sensory states, mild cooling may become severe pain. Physiological events can also occur without awareness. A single unremarkable thermogram therefore means no surface-temperature anomaly was detected under those conditions; it does not prove that recurrent thermal experience is absent. Conversely, symptom report alone cannot diagnose a particular neuropathy or autonomic disorder. Quantitative sensory testing measures detection and pain thresholds but depends on cooperation and standardization; thermography is sensitive to environment, acclimatization, region selection, and timing. We found no study directly testing whether this discordance causes social isolation. Indirect evidence from chronic pain and persistent unexplained symptoms links disbelief, unexplained normalization, self-doubt, and withdrawal with isolation. Rather than upgrading this indirect evidence to causation, we propose: qualitative work beginning with patients’ language; 21-day event-contingent repeated measurement; simultaneous standardized thermography, quantitative sensory testing, and perception ratings; and prospective measurement of communication, invalidation, and isolation. Sensation is not a thermometer, and a thermometer is not a lie detector for sensation."},"status":"working-paper","datePublished":"2026-08-15","dateModified":"2026-08-15","authors":[{"ko":"최연승","en":"Yeonseung Choe"},{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/felt-temperature-measured-temperature-discordance","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/felt-temperature-measured-temperature-discordance"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/felt-temperature-measured-temperature-discordance","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/felt-temperature-measured-temperature-discordance","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/felt-temperature-measured-temperature-discordance/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/felt-temperature-measured-temperature-discordance/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/felt-temperature-measured-temperature-discordance/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/felt-temperature-measured-temperature-discordance/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/felt-temperature-measured-temperature-discordance/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/felt-temperature-measured-temperature-discordance/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":false,"sourceWorkIds":[]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-W105","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"배수혈과 배열증의 관련성: 고전 텍스트 계보와 현대 측정 근거지도","en":"Back-Shu Points and Heat on the Back: A Textual Genealogy and Modern Measurement Evidence Map"},"description":{"ko":"배열(背熱)과 배수혈(背俞穴)은 모두 등을 말하고, 고전 의학은 열과 장부를 함께 설명하므로 두 개념이 직접 연결된 것처럼 보이기 쉽다. 그러나 원문을 계보별로 분리하면 관계는 훨씬 제한적이다. 『동의보감』 「배」문의 배열 조항은 『의학입문』을 인용해 등을 폐·상초의 설명망에 놓지만 혈자리나 자침을 언급하지 않는다. 『영추』 「배수」는 척추 높이와 압진 반응으로 오장 배수혈을 찾지만 배열을 말하지 않는다. 『소문』 「수열혈론」은 오장수혈 곁의 열 개 혈을 오장의 열을 사하는 열병 침구 체계에 넣지만, 환자가 등에 국소적으로 느끼는 열을 연구한 문장은 아니다. 현대 연구에서는 경혈 피부온도 연구 10편을 검토한 체계적 문헌고찰이 방법론적 이질성 때문에 질병 특이성을 확정하지 못했고, 요추 추간판탈출증 환자 50명과 건강인 45명의 체열 연구는 일부 요부 배수혈의 좌우 온도 비대칭을 보고했지만 배열 환자를 모집하지 않았다. 건강한 성인 48명의 배수혈 조직 특성 연구는 혈자리 사이의 압통과 강성 차이가 해부학적 차이만으로도 생길 수 있음을 보였다. 따라서 현재 근거가 지지하는 것은 역사적으로 연구할 만한 가설과 측정 설계이지, 배수혈이 배열증의 원인·진단점·치료점이라는 결론이 아니다.","en":"Heat on the back (beire) and Back-Shu points (beishu) both invoke the back, and classical medicine often relates heat to viscera, making a direct connection tempting. Separated by textual genealogy, however, the relationship is limited. The Donguibogam entry quotes the Yixue Rumen to place back heat in a lung and upper-burner explanatory network but mentions neither an acupoint nor needling. The Lingshu chapter locates visceral Back-Shu points by vertebral level and palpatory response but does not discuss back heat. The Suwen places ten points beside the five visceral Shu points within a needling system for heat illness, not a study of spontaneous localized heat on the back. A 2022 systematic review of ten acupoint-temperature studies could not establish disease specificity because of heterogeneity and methodological limitations. A 2024 thermographic study of 50 people with lumbar-disc-herniation low-back pain and 45 healthy controls reported asymmetry at several lumbar Back-Shu points, but did not recruit people for back heat. A study of 48 healthy adults found site-to-site differences in tissue properties and pressure sensitivity, showing that anatomy alone can create apparent point differences. Current evidence therefore supports a testable historical and measurement hypothesis—not the conclusion that Back-Shu points cause, diagnose, or treat heat on the back."},"status":"working-paper","datePublished":"2026-08-15","dateModified":"2026-08-15","authors":[{"ko":"최연승","en":"Yeonseung Choe"},{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/back-shu-points-and-back-heat-evidence-map","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/back-shu-points-and-back-heat-evidence-map"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/back-shu-points-and-back-heat-evidence-map","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/back-shu-points-and-back-heat-evidence-map","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/back-shu-points-and-back-heat-evidence-map/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/back-shu-points-and-back-heat-evidence-map/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/back-shu-points-and-back-heat-evidence-map/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/back-shu-points-and-back-heat-evidence-map/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/back-shu-points-and-back-heat-evidence-map/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/back-shu-points-and-back-heat-evidence-map/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":false,"sourceWorkIds":[]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-W101","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"반복적으로 등에 국한되는 열감의 구성개념 문제","en":"The construct problem in recurrent localized back heat"},"description":{"ko":"반복적으로 등에 국한되는 열감이나 작열감은 하나의 관찰처럼 들리지만, 자발 감각·피부 표면 온도·유발 온도감각·조건부 안전 판단은 서로 다른 근거 대상이다. 이 비판적 종합은 직접 일치도 연구가 없는 상태에서 관련 통증 표현, 감각검사, 체열측정, 등 부위 감각증후군, 두 개의 영국 지침을 교차 검토한다. 현재 근거로 특정 원인이나 진단을 확정할 수 없으며, 다음 연구는 원래 표현과 위치·깊이·경계·시간을 보존한 사건 기록을 동시 측정과 연결해야 한다.","en":"Recurrent localized back heat or burning sounds like one observation, yet spontaneous sensation, skin-surface temperature, evoked thermoception, and conditional safety assessment are distinct evidence objects. This critical synthesis crosses indirect evidence on pain language, sensory testing, thermography, dorsal sensory syndromes, and two selected UK guidelines. No reviewed source establishes a default cause or diagnosis. A useful next study must preserve participants’ wording, location, depth, boundary, and timing, then link each episode to concurrent measurements."},"status":"working-paper","datePublished":"2026-08-15","dateModified":"2026-08-15","authors":[{"ko":"최연승","en":"Yeonseung Choe"},{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/recurrent-localized-back-heat-constructs","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/recurrent-localized-back-heat-constructs"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/recurrent-localized-back-heat-constructs","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/recurrent-localized-back-heat-constructs","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/recurrent-localized-back-heat-constructs/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/recurrent-localized-back-heat-constructs/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/recurrent-localized-back-heat-constructs/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/recurrent-localized-back-heat-constructs/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/recurrent-localized-back-heat-constructs/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/recurrent-localized-back-heat-constructs/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":false,"sourceWorkIds":[]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-W102","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"국소적 등 열감 주변에서 실제로 연구된 것","en":"What has actually been studied around localized back heat"},"description":{"ko":"이 근거지도는 반복적 국소 등 열감이라는 질문 주변에서 실제로 무엇이 연구되었는지를 검색 경로별로 정리한다. 현대 생의학 문헌, 한국·동아시아 문헌, 고전 용어, 안전성 자료를 미리 정한 역할로 탐색하고 12개 우선 검증 대상을 구절 단위로 읽었다. 발견된 연구는 가려움 중심의 등 감각증후군, 유발 감각검사, 운동 뒤 피부온도, 통증 표현, 선택된 안전 지침에 집중되어 있었다. 자발적 사건과 동시 피부온도·감각검사를 직접 연결한 참여자 수준 연구는 확인되지 않았다. 음성 검색 결과는 부재의 증명이 아니라 검색 범위와 접근 제한을 포함한 공백의 경계로 보고한다.","en":"This evidence map asks what has actually been studied around recurrent localized back heat. Prespecified source roles covered modern biomedical literature, Korean and East Asian databases, classical terminology, and safety sources; twelve priority objects received passage-level verification. The available literature clusters around itch-defined dorsal sensory syndromes, evoked sensory testing, post-exercise skin temperature, pain descriptors, and selected safety guidelines. No participant-level study was found that linked a spontaneous target episode with concurrent skin temperature and sensory testing. Negative yields define a bounded search gap, not proof of absence."},"status":"working-paper","datePublished":"2026-08-15","dateModified":"2026-08-15","authors":[{"ko":"최연승","en":"Yeonseung Choe"},{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/localized-back-heat-evidence-map","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/localized-back-heat-evidence-map"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/localized-back-heat-evidence-map","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/localized-back-heat-evidence-map","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/localized-back-heat-evidence-map/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/localized-back-heat-evidence-map/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/localized-back-heat-evidence-map/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/localized-back-heat-evidence-map/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/localized-back-heat-evidence-map/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/localized-back-heat-evidence-map/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":false,"sourceWorkIds":[]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-W103","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"반복적으로 등에 국한되는 열감을 위한 전향적 관찰 프로토콜","en":"A prospective observation protocol for recurrent localized back heat"},"description":{"ko":"이 프로토콜은 반복적으로 등에 국한되는 열감·따뜻함·작열감 사건을 전향적으로 관찰하기 위한 소규모 실행 가능성 연구를 규정한다. 참여자의 원래 표현과 직접 그린 경계를 먼저 보존하고, 결과를 보기 전에 인접 표현의 포함 규칙을 고정한다. 사건 시점, 무증상 비교 시점, 표준화 방문을 분리하며 감각 지도, 피부 표면온도, 유발 온도감각, 기능 영향과 맥락을 서로 대체하지 않는 관찰층으로 기록한다. 이 연구는 진단 도구를 검증하지 않으며, 안전 이탈과 결측을 결과의 일부로 공개한다.","en":"This protocol specifies a small prospective feasibility study of recurrent heat, warmth, burning, or adjacent thermal expressions localized to the back. Participants’ original wording and drawn boundaries are preserved before investigators apply a prespecified eligibility dictionary. Event, symptom-free comparator, and standardized-visit clocks are separated; sensation maps, skin-surface temperature, evoked thermoception, functional impact, and context remain non-interchangeable observation lanes. The study does not validate a diagnostic tool, and it treats safety exits and missingness as reportable outcomes."},"status":"protocol","datePublished":"2026-08-15","dateModified":"2026-08-15","authors":[{"ko":"최연승","en":"Yeonseung Choe"},{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/localized-back-heat-observation-protocol","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/localized-back-heat-observation-protocol"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/localized-back-heat-observation-protocol","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/localized-back-heat-observation-protocol","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/localized-back-heat-observation-protocol/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/localized-back-heat-observation-protocol/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/localized-back-heat-observation-protocol/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/localized-back-heat-observation-protocol/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/localized-back-heat-observation-protocol/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/localized-back-heat-observation-protocol/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":false,"sourceWorkIds":[]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-W104","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"열 관련 표현만으로 결정할 수 없는 것","en":"What the thermal adjective does not decide"},"description":{"ko":"“열감”이나 “작열감”이라는 표현은 임상적으로 중요하지만 그 자체로 원인, 위험도, 영상검사 필요성 또는 안심의 근거가 되지 않는다. 이 반가설 논문은 통증 표현 연구의 불일치, 등 감각증후군의 선택 편향과 불완전한 측정, 체열·감각검사의 구성개념 차이, 선택된 NICE 지침의 조건부 문맥을 함께 읽는다. 지침은 열 표현을 독립적인 판정 기준으로 사용하지 않았고, 인구집단·진행 속도·분포·동반 소견의 조합을 요구했다. 따라서 연구용 표현형과 안전 판단은 분리되어야 하며, 본문은 개인별 진료 지침을 제시하지 않는다.","en":"“Heat” or “burning” may matter clinically, but the word alone cannot establish cause, risk, imaging need, or reassurance. This counter-hypothesis combines inconsistent descriptor evidence, selection and missingness in dorsal sensory cohorts, construct differences across thermography and sensory testing, and the conditional context of selected NICE guidelines. Those guidelines do not use thermal wording as a stand-alone decision rule; they depend on population, tempo, distribution, and associated findings. Research phenotyping must therefore remain separate from safety decisions, and this paper does not offer individual clinical instructions."},"status":"working-paper","datePublished":"2026-08-15","dateModified":"2026-08-15","authors":[{"ko":"최연승","en":"Yeonseung Choe"},{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/localized-back-heat-negative-evidence-safety-boundaries","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/localized-back-heat-negative-evidence-safety-boundaries"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/localized-back-heat-negative-evidence-safety-boundaries","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/localized-back-heat-negative-evidence-safety-boundaries","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/localized-back-heat-negative-evidence-safety-boundaries/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/localized-back-heat-negative-evidence-safety-boundaries/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/localized-back-heat-negative-evidence-safety-boundaries/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/localized-back-heat-negative-evidence-safety-boundaries/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/localized-back-heat-negative-evidence-safety-boundaries/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/localized-back-heat-negative-evidence-safety-boundaries/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":false,"sourceWorkIds":[]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-W001","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"등은 타고 손은 시리다: 한열을 하나의 점수에서 시공간 표현형으로 다시 구성하기","en":"The Back Burns and the Hands Feel Cold: Reconstructing Cold–Heat from a Single Score into a Spatiotemporal Phenotype"},"description":{"ko":"한 사람이 같은 시간에 등의 열감과 손의 시림을 호소할 때, 이를 “열증인가 한증인가”라는 한 축에 놓으면 가장 임상적인 정보인 분포와 동시성이 사라진다. 반대로 체열영상 한 장으로 주관적 감각을 대체하면 감각신경, 시간 지연, 적응과 맥락이 사라진다. 이 문제주도형 비판적 종합은 한의학 한열 설문, 한국·일본의 수족냉증 및 냉증 연구, 열감각 생리, 정량감각검사, 혈관 유발검사, 갱년기 열감의 객관–주관 불일치, 신경병증성 화끈거림, 그리고 『동의보감』의 부위·깊이·시간 구분을 함께 읽는다. 검토 결과, 기존 연구에는 세 가지 환원 오류가 반복된다. 전신 한열 특성을 하나의 합산점수로 만드는 공간 환원, 안정 시 피부온도를 증상 사건 전체의 대리값으로 삼는 시간 환원, 전문가 판단이나 자기보고로 정의한 집단을 같은 계열의 문항이나 영상으로 재분류하는 준거 순환이다. 이를 피하기 위해 각 부위 l과 시점 t에 대해 지각의 질과 강도 P(l,t), 피부온도와 변화율 T(l,t), 냉·온 감지역치 Q(l,t), 혈류와 재가온 V(l,t), 유발·완화 맥락 C(t), 기능 영향 F(t)를 분리해 기록하는 ‘국소 한열장’ 모형을 제안한다. 이 모형은 새 진단명이 아니라 경쟁 설명을 갈라놓는 측정 문법이다. 첫 연구는 질환을 맞히는 인공지능이나 치료효과 시험이 아니라, 인지면담과 14일 사건기반 몸 지도, 환경온도, 표준화된 안정·유발·회복 관찰을 결합해 표현형의 반복성·추가 정보·실행 가능성을 검증해야 한다. 한의학적 관찰의 가치는 생의학적 측정을 대신하는 데 있지 않다. 서로 다른 부위가 서로 다른 방향으로 움직이는 환자의 경험을 보존하고, 그 정보가 예후·기능·치료 선택에 실제로 무엇을 더하는지 반증 가능하게 만드는 데 있다.","en":"When one person reports heat in the back and a deep chill in the hands at the same time, placing the experience on a single “cold or heat” axis erases its most clinically informative features: distribution and simultaneity. Replacing that experience with one thermographic image erases sensory coding, temporal delay, adaptation, and context. This problem-led critical synthesis reads Korean-medicine cold–heat questionnaires; Korean and Japanese work on cold hypersensitivity; thermosensory physiology; quantitative sensory testing; vascular provocation; objective–subjective discordance in hot flushes; neuropathic burning; and the regional, depth, and temporal distinctions preserved in the Donguibogam. Three recurrent reductions emerge: spatial reduction of whole-body cold–heat into a sum score; temporal reduction of a fluctuating event to resting skin temperature; and criterion circularity when groups defined by expert judgment or self-report are reclassified using closely related questions or images. We propose a “local thermal field” that records, for location l and time t, perceived quality and intensity P(l,t), skin temperature and its rate of change T(l,t), cold and warm detection Q(l,t), perfusion and rewarming V(l,t), provoking and relieving context C(t), and functional effect F(t). This is not a new diagnosis but a measurement grammar for separating competing explanations. The first study should not train an AI to guess disease or test treatment effectiveness. It should combine cognitive interviews, 14-day event-based body maps, ambient temperature, and standardized rest–provocation–recovery observations to test repeatability, added information, and feasibility. The contribution of Korean-medicine observation is not to replace biomedical measurement, but to preserve experiences in which different regions move in different directions and to make any added prognostic, functional, or treatment-selection value falsifiable."},"status":"working-paper","datePublished":"2026-08-13","dateModified":"2026-08-13","authors":[{"ko":"최연승","en":"Yeonseung Choe"},{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/hot-back-cold-hands-thermal-discordance","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/hot-back-cold-hands-thermal-discordance"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/hot-back-cold-hands-thermal-discordance","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/hot-back-cold-hands-thermal-discordance","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/hot-back-cold-hands-thermal-discordance/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/hot-back-cold-hands-thermal-discordance/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/hot-back-cold-hands-thermal-discordance/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/hot-back-cold-hands-thermal-discordance/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/hot-back-cold-hands-thermal-discordance/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/hot-back-cold-hands-thermal-discordance/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":false,"sourceWorkIds":[]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-W003","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"한 책에서는 아래에, 다른 책에서는 위에: 오령산의 자리가 달라진 까닭을 묻다","en":"Where Was Wuling San Placed? Reorganization of the Three Methods for Treating Water in Shanghan Lun Zhu and Shanghan Lun Yi"},"description":{"ko":"가금(柯琴)의 두 책은 모두 물을 다스리는 법을 상·중·하초로 나눈다. 그런데 『상한론주』에서 하초에 있던 오령산이 『상한론익』에서는 소청룡탕과 함께 상초에 놓인다. 하초에는 다른 처방이 들어가고, 중초와 상초의 증상 설명도 달라진다. 공개 영인본과 전사본에서 두 구절을 다시 확인한 결과, 이것은 오령산 하나만 옮긴 일이 아니라 문단 전체를 새로 짠 변화에 가깝다. 왜 바뀌었는지는 아직 단정할 수 없다. 저자의 수정인지, 후대 편집이나 판본 차이인지 알려면 더 많은 이본을 대조해야 한다. 다만 처방의 의미를 이름 하나에 붙은 고정 꼬리표로 읽어서는 안 된다는 점은 분명하다.","en":"Shanghan Lun Zhu and Shanghan Lun Yi, both associated with Ke Qin, each present “three methods for treating water” across the upper, middle, and lower burners, yet Wuling San does not occupy the same position. In the inspected Shanghan Lun Zhu witness, Xiao Qing Long Tang, Shi Zao Tang, and Wuling San occupy the upper, middle, and lower positions respectively. In Shanghan Lun Yi, Wuling San is paired with Xiao Qing Long Tang in the upper-burner clause, while Gui Zhi Qu Gui Jia Ling Zhu Tang occupies the lower clause. We compared normalized transcriptions, independent public transcriptions, and facsimile pages. The result shows that the symptom–method–formula arrangement was not stably repeated under the same heading. It does not by itself establish authorial intent, the exact moment of revision, or an edition genealogy. Contemporary formulary and paediatric uses provide secondary context for other editorial units in which Wuling San was invoked."},"status":"working-paper","datePublished":"2026-08-15","dateModified":"2026-08-15","authors":[{"ko":"최연승","en":"Yeonseung Choe"},{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/wuling-san-three-burner-reorganization","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/wuling-san-three-burner-reorganization"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/wuling-san-three-burner-reorganization","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/wuling-san-three-burner-reorganization","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/wuling-san-three-burner-reorganization/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/wuling-san-three-burner-reorganization/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/wuling-san-three-burner-reorganization/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/wuling-san-three-burner-reorganization/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/wuling-san-three-burner-reorganization/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/wuling-san-three-burner-reorganization/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":false,"sourceWorkIds":[]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-W004","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"“한숨도 못 잤다”는 말과 수면기록이 다를 때: 『동의보감』에서 현대 수면검사까지","en":"What Observes Insomnia? A Non-equivalent Cross-analysis of Donguibogam and Modern Sleep Measurement"},"description":{"ko":"“한숨도 못 잤다”는 사람의 말과 손목기기가 기록한 수면시간이 다르면 어느 쪽이 맞을까. 둘 중 하나가 틀렸다기보다 서로 다른 밤을 기록했을 수 있다. 『동의보감』도 잠들지 못한 체감, 뒤척이며 불안정한 잠, 큰 병 뒤나 노년이라는 상황, 그리고 그 까닭에 대한 의학적 설명을 한데 섞지 않았다. 현대 연구에서도 수면일지, 액티그래피, 수면다원검사는 각기 다른 규칙으로 잠을 셈한다. 이 글은 『동의보감』 원문 한 절과 현대 연구 세 편을 함께 읽으며 어디까지 비교할 수 있는지 묻는다. 두 시대는 잠을 여러 모습으로 나누어 본다는 점에서 만난다. 그러나 고전의 不寐를 오늘날의 수면상태 오인지로 진단할 수도, 현대 검사로 神不歸舍를 입증할 수도 없다. 통합 연구의 출발점은 둘을 같은 말로 바꾸는 일이 아니라, 무엇을 보았는지와 그것을 어떻게 설명했는지를 나누어 적는 일이다.","en":"Donguibogam passages on sleeplessness do not collapse experienced wakefulness, restless or unstable sleep, contexts of post-illness debility and age, and explanations such as phlegm and the spirit failing to return to its abode into one layer. Modern insomnia research likewise shows that self-report, sleep diaries, actigraphy, and polysomnography observe sleep through different rules and may disagree. We cross-analysed a normalized and facsimile-checked classical section with one full-text systematic review and two full-text observational studies across four axes: experience, time, recording instrument, and classificatory purpose. The traditions can be compared in their shared act of stratifying sleep problems, but their categories, mechanisms, and measures are not translatable. Classical 不寐 cannot be retrospectively diagnosed as sleep-state misperception, nor can modern device measurement validate 神不歸舍. Integrative research should keep observations apart from the explanations attached to them and clearly mark where the two traditions overlap, differ, or do not correspond."},"status":"working-paper","datePublished":"2026-08-15","dateModified":"2026-08-15","authors":[{"ko":"최연승","en":"Yeonseung Choe"},{"ko":"백록담 리서치 커먼스 (BRC)","en":"Baekrokdam Research Commons (BRC)"}],"urls":{"ko":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/donguibogam-modern-insomnia-measurement","en":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/donguibogam-modern-insomnia-measurement"},"formats":{"htmlKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/donguibogam-modern-insomnia-measurement","htmlEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/donguibogam-modern-insomnia-measurement","pdfKo":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/donguibogam-modern-insomnia-measurement/full.pdf","pdfEn":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/en/articles/donguibogam-modern-insomnia-measurement/full.pdf","jats":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/donguibogam-modern-insomnia-measurement/full.xml","cslJson":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/donguibogam-modern-insomnia-measurement/citation.json","bibtex":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/donguibogam-modern-insomnia-measurement/citation.bib","ris":"https://research.baekrokdam.com/articles/donguibogam-modern-insomnia-measurement/citation.ris"},"readerEdition":false,"sourceWorkIds":[]},{"identifier":"BRC-2026-P002","objectClass":"scholarly-article","title":{"ko":"진단명만으로 설명되지 않는 지속 증상을 어떻게 연구할 것인가: 범위 설정, 관찰 언어, 이중 안전 경로를 위한 연구 프로토콜","en":"How Should Persistent Symptoms Not Fully Explained by Diagnosis Be Studied? A Protocol for Scope, Observational Language, and Dual-Track Safety"},"description":{"ko":"진단을 받았거나 여러 검사를 마친 뒤에도 증상이 계속되고 일상 기능이 회복되지 않는 환자들이 있다. 이런 경험은 확진된 질환의 잔존 증상, 아직 끝나지 않은 감별, 기능성 증후군, 감염이나 치료 이후의 변화처럼 서로 다른 상황에서 나타나므로 하나의 원인이나 새 진단으로 묶을 수 없다. 이 연구 프로토콜은 그 차이를 보존하면서도 진단명만으로는 놓치기 쉬운 증상의 발생 순서, 함께 변하는 양상, 생활 맥락, 기능 손실과 치료 반응을 시간에 따라 관찰하는 방법을 제안한다. 연구는 두 경로를 동시에 유지한다. 한쪽에서는 새로운 증상과 위험 신호, 경과 변화에 따라 필요한 의학적 감별과 재평가를 계속한다. 다른 쪽에서는 진단이 완전히 정리되기를 기다리지 않고 환자가 중요하게 여기는 증상과 기능, 치료 노출과 위해를 기록한다. 현대 연구와 환자 경험, 동아시아 원전·주석·의안, 한국·중국·일본의 임상 전통은 같은 개념이라고 전제하지 않고 비교한다. 한의 진찰에서 얻은 정보가 실제로 도움이 되는지는 진단명과 표준 측정만 사용한 판단보다 재현성·예측·의사결정을 개선하는지 별도 연구로 확인해야 한다. 이 문서는 연구 설계이며 환자 선별도구나 치료 권고, 효능의 근거가 아니다.","en":"Some patients continue to experience symptoms and impaired daily function after receiving a diagnosis or completing multiple investigations. These experiences arise in different situations—including residual symptoms of established disease, an evolving differential diagnosis, functional syndromes, and changes after infection or treatment—and should not be collapsed into one cause or a new disorder. This protocol proposes a way to preserve those differences while observing features that diagnostic labels may miss: sequence of onset, symptoms that change together, daily context, loss of function, and response to treatment over time. Two paths remain active. One continues appropriate medical differential diagnosis and reassessment as symptoms, red flags, and trajectories change. The other records patient-important symptoms and function, treatment exposure, and harm without waiting for perfect diagnostic closure. Contemporary research and lived experience are read alongside East Asian primary texts, commentaries and cases, and Korean, Chinese, and Japanese clinical traditions without assuming that their concepts are equivalent. Whether Korean-medicine observations add value must be tested by asking if they improve reproducibility, prediction, or clinical decisions beyond diagnoses and standard measures alone. 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